=================================
PostgreSQL specific model indexes
=================================

.. module:: django.contrib.postgres.indexes

The following are PostgreSQL specific :doc:`indexes </ref/models/indexes>`
available from the ``django.contrib.postgres.indexes`` module.

``BloomIndex``
==============

.. class:: BloomIndex(*expressions, length=None, columns=(), **options)

    Creates a bloom_ index.

    To use this index access you need to activate the bloom_ extension on
    PostgreSQL. You can install it using the
    :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.operations.BloomExtension` migration
    operation.

    Provide an integer number of bits from 1 to 4096 to the ``length``
    parameter to specify the length of each index entry. PostgreSQL's default
    is 80.

    The ``columns`` argument takes a tuple or list of up to 32 values that are
    integer number of bits from 1 to 4095.

    .. _bloom: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/bloom.html

``BrinIndex``
=============

.. class:: BrinIndex(*expressions, autosummarize=None, pages_per_range=None, **options)

    Creates a `BRIN index
    <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/brin-intro.html>`_.

    Set the ``autosummarize`` parameter to ``True`` to enable `automatic
    summarization`_ to be performed by autovacuum.

    The ``pages_per_range`` argument takes a positive integer.

    .. _automatic summarization: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/brin-intro.html#BRIN-OPERATION

``BTreeIndex``
==============

.. class:: BTreeIndex(*expressions, fillfactor=None, **options)

    Creates a B-Tree index.

    Provide an integer value from 10 to 100 to the fillfactor_ parameter to
    tune how packed the index pages will be. PostgreSQL's default is 90.

    .. _fillfactor: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS

``GinIndex``
============

.. class:: GinIndex(*expressions, fastupdate=None, gin_pending_list_limit=None, **options)

    Creates a `gin index <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gin.html>`_.

    To use this index on data types not in the `built-in operator classes
    <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gin-builtin-opclasses.html>`_,
    you need to activate the `btree_gin extension
    <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/btree-gin.html>`_ on
    PostgreSQL. You can install it using the
    :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.operations.BtreeGinExtension` migration
    operation.

    Set the ``fastupdate`` parameter to ``False`` to disable the `GIN Fast
    Update Technique`_ that's enabled by default in PostgreSQL.

    Provide an integer number of kilobytes to the gin_pending_list_limit_
    parameter to tune the maximum size of the GIN pending list which is used
    when ``fastupdate`` is enabled.

    .. _GIN Fast Update Technique: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gin-implementation.html#GIN-FAST-UPDATE
    .. _gin_pending_list_limit: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-GIN-PENDING-LIST-LIMIT

``GistIndex``
=============

.. class:: GistIndex(*expressions, buffering=None, fillfactor=None, **options)

    Creates a `GiST index
    <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gist.html>`_. These indexes are
    automatically created on spatial fields with :attr:`spatial_index=True
    <django.contrib.gis.db.models.BaseSpatialField.spatial_index>`. They're
    also useful on other types, such as
    :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.fields.HStoreField` or the :ref:`range
    fields <range-fields>`.

    To use this index on data types not in the built-in `gist operator classes
    <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gist-builtin-opclasses.html>`_,
    you need to activate the `btree_gist extension
    <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/btree-gist.html>`_ on PostgreSQL.
    You can install it using the
    :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.operations.BtreeGistExtension` migration
    operation.

    Set the ``buffering`` parameter to ``True`` or ``False`` to manually enable
    or disable `buffering build`_ of the index.

    Provide an integer value from 10 to 100 to the fillfactor_ parameter to
    tune how packed the index pages will be. PostgreSQL's default is 90.

    .. _buffering build: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gist-implementation.html#GIST-BUFFERING-BUILD
    .. _fillfactor: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS

``HashIndex``
=============

.. class:: HashIndex(*expressions, fillfactor=None, **options)

    Creates a hash index.

    Provide an integer value from 10 to 100 to the fillfactor_ parameter to
    tune how packed the index pages will be. PostgreSQL's default is 90.

    .. _fillfactor: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS

``SpGistIndex``
===============

.. class:: SpGistIndex(*expressions, fillfactor=None, **options)

    Creates an `SP-GiST index
    <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/spgist.html>`_.

    Provide an integer value from 10 to 100 to the fillfactor_ parameter to
    tune how packed the index pages will be. PostgreSQL's default is 90.

    .. versionchanged:: 4.1

        Support for covering SP-GiST indexes on PostgreSQL 14+ was added.

    .. _fillfactor: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS

``OpClass()`` expressions
=========================

.. class:: OpClass(expression, name)

    An ``OpClass()`` expression represents the ``expression`` with a custom
    `operator class`_ that can be used to define functional indexes, functional
    unique constraints, or exclusion constraints. To use it, you need to add
    ``'django.contrib.postgres'`` in your :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`. Set the
    ``name`` parameter to the name of the `operator class`_.

    For example::

        Index(
            OpClass(Lower("username"), name="varchar_pattern_ops"),
            name="lower_username_idx",
        )

    creates an index on ``Lower('username')`` using ``varchar_pattern_ops``.
    ::

        UniqueConstraint(
            OpClass(Upper("description"), name="text_pattern_ops"),
            name="upper_description_unique",
        )

    creates a unique constraint on ``Upper('description')`` using
    ``text_pattern_ops``.
    ::

        ExclusionConstraint(
            name="exclude_overlapping_ops",
            expressions=[
                (OpClass("circle", name="circle_ops"), RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
            ],
        )

    creates an exclusion constraint on ``circle`` using ``circle_ops``.

    .. versionchanged:: 4.1

        Support for exclusion constraints was added.

    .. _operator class: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-opclass.html
